The Vietnamese word "kì cọ" means to scrub or clean something by rubbing it up and down or carefully. It often refers to the action of cleaning surfaces, objects, or even oneself with some effort.
Tôi phải kì cọ cái chén này cho sạch.
(I have to scrub this bowl to make it clean.)
Mỗi lần tắm, tôi luôn kì cọ cơ thể mình.
(Every time I shower, I always scrub my body.)
In a more figurative sense, "kì cọ" can also imply putting in a lot of effort to prepare or improve something, such as studying hard for an exam or polishing a piece of writing.
While "kì cọ" primarily refers to the physical action of scrubbing, it can also be used metaphorically in certain contexts, such as refining skills or talents through hard work.